我们研究了在游戏中有效地产生高质量和多样化的内容的问题。以前的HESTETHSTONE上自动化牌照的工作表明，质量多样性算法MAP-ELITE可以生成具有不同战略游戏的高性能甲板的集合。但是，Map-Elites需要大量昂贵的评估来发现甲板的各种集合。我们建议使用在线培训的深度代理模型进行地图精英，以预测关于候选甲板的游戏结果。 Map-Elites发现了一个不同的数据集，以提高代理模型精度，而代理模型有助于指导地图精英迈向有希望的新内容。在炉石甲板德克布布布尔案例研究中，我们表明我们的方法提高了Map-Elites的样本效率，并且优于随机甲板训练的模型，以及线性代理模型基线，设置了新的最先进的自动炉石德克斯普通应用领域的质量多样性方法。

在各种领域，包括搜索和救援，自动驾驶汽车导航和侦察的各个领域，形成不断变化的场景的非线图像（NLOS）图像的能力可能具有变革性。大多数现有的活性NLOS方法使用针对继电器表面并收集回返回光的时间分辨测量的脉冲激光来照亮隐藏场景。流行的方法包括对垂直壁上的矩形网格的栅格扫描，相对于感兴趣的数量，以产生共聚焦测量集合。这些固有地受到激光扫描的需求的限制。避免激光扫描的方法将隐藏场景的运动部件作为一个或两个点目标。在这项工作中，基于更完整的光学响应建模，但仍没有多个照明位置，我们演示了运动中对象的准确重建和背后的固定风景的“地图”。计数，本地化和表征运动中隐藏物体的大小，结合固定隐藏场景的映射的能力，可以大大提高各种应用中的室内情况意识。

公平被广泛认为是医疗保健道德的基础。在临床决策的背景下，它取决于智力的比较忠诚（基于证据或直观），指导每个患者的管理。尽管当代机器学习的个性化力量最近引起了人们的关注，但这种认知公平是在任何决策指导的背景下，无论是传统还是创新的。然而，目前没有一般的量化框架，更不用说保证了。在这里，我们根据模型的忠诚度来制定认知公平性，这些模型是对所学的多维表述评估的，这些身份的多维表示，旨在最大程度地提高人口的捕获多样性，从而引入了代表性道德模型校准的全面框架。我们证明了该框架在来自英国生物库的大规模多模式数据上的使用来得出人口的各种表示，量化模型绩效并提出了响应良好的补救。我们提供方法作为量化和确保医疗保健认知公平的原则解决方案，并在整个研究，临床和监管领域中进行了应用。

数据对于机器学习（ML）模型的开发和评估至关重要。但是，在部署所得模型时，使用有问题或不适当的数据集可能会造成危害。为了通过对数据集进行更故意的反思和创建过程的透明度来鼓励负责任的练习，研究人员和从业人员已开始倡导增加数据文档，并提出了几个数据文档框架。但是，几乎没有研究这些数据文档框架是否满足创建和消费数据集的ML从业者的需求。为了解决这一差距，我们着手了解ML从业人员的数据文档感知，需求，挑战和Desiderata，目的是推导设计要求，以便为将来的数据文档框架提供信息。我们对一家大型国际技术公司的14名ML从业者进行了一系列半结构化访谈。我们让他们回答从数据集的数据表中提取的问题列表（Gebru，2021）。我们的发现表明，目前的数据文档方法在很大程度上是临时的，而且本质上是近视的。参与者表达了对数据文档框架的需求，可以适应其上下文，并将其集成到现有的工具和工作流程中，并尽可能自动化。尽管事实上，数据文档框架通常是从负责人的AI的角度出发的，但参与者并未在他们被要求回答的问题与负责的AI含义之间建立联系。此外，参与者通常会在数据集消费者的需求中优先考虑，并提供了不熟悉其数据集可能需要知道的信息。基于这些发现，我们为将来的数据文档框架得出了七个设计要求。

Designing experiments often requires balancing between learning about the true treatment effects and earning from allocating more samples to the superior treatment. While optimal algorithms for the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (MABP) provide allocation policies that optimally balance learning and earning, they tend to be computationally expensive. The Gittins Index (GI) is a solution to the MABP that can simultaneously attain optimality and computationally efficiency goals, and it has been recently used in experiments with Bernoulli and Gaussian rewards. For the first time, we present a modification of the GI rule that can be used in experiments with exponentially-distributed rewards. We report its performance in simulated 2- armed and 3-armed experiments. Compared to traditional non-adaptive designs, our novel GI modified design shows operating characteristics comparable in learning (e.g. statistical power) but substantially better in earning (e.g. direct benefits). This illustrates the potential that designs using a GI approach to allocate participants have to improve participant benefits, increase efficiencies, and reduce experimental costs in adaptive multi-armed experiments with exponential rewards.

Modelling and forecasting real-life human behaviour using online social media is an active endeavour of interest in politics, government, academia, and industry. Since its creation in 2006, Twitter has been proposed as a potential laboratory that could be used to gauge and predict social behaviour. During the last decade, the user base of Twitter has been growing and becoming more representative of the general population. Here we analyse this user base in the context of the 2021 Mexican Legislative Election. To do so, we use a dataset of 15 million election-related tweets in the six months preceding election day. We explore different election models that assign political preference to either the ruling parties or the opposition. We find that models using data with geographical attributes determine the results of the election with better precision and accuracy than conventional polling methods. These results demonstrate that analysis of public online data can outperform conventional polling methods, and that political analysis and general forecasting would likely benefit from incorporating such data in the immediate future. Moreover, the same Twitter dataset with geographical attributes is positively correlated with results from official census data on population and internet usage in Mexico. These findings suggest that we have reached a period in time when online activity, appropriately curated, can provide an accurate representation of offline behaviour.

Existing federated classification algorithms typically assume the local annotations at every client cover the same set of classes. In this paper, we aim to lift such an assumption and focus on a more general yet practical non-IID setting where every client can work on non-identical and even disjoint sets of classes (i.e., client-exclusive classes), and the clients have a common goal which is to build a global classification model to identify the union of these classes. Such heterogeneity in client class sets poses a new challenge: how to ensure different clients are operating in the same latent space so as to avoid the drift after aggregation? We observe that the classes can be described in natural languages (i.e., class names) and these names are typically safe to share with all parties. Thus, we formulate the classification problem as a matching process between data representations and class representations and break the classification model into a data encoder and a label encoder. We leverage the natural-language class names as the common ground to anchor the class representations in the label encoder. In each iteration, the label encoder updates the class representations and regulates the data representations through matching. We further use the updated class representations at each round to annotate data samples for locally-unaware classes according to similarity and distill knowledge to local models. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets show that the proposed method can outperform various classical and state-of-the-art federated learning methods designed for learning with non-IID data.

This is paper for the smooth function approximation by neural networks (NN). Mathematical or physical functions can be replaced by NN models through regression. In this study, we get NNs that generate highly accurate and highly smooth function, which only comprised of a few weight parameters, through discussing a few topics about regression. First, we reinterpret inside of NNs for regression; consequently, we propose a new activation function--integrated sigmoid linear unit (ISLU). Then special charateristics of metadata for regression, which is different from other data like image or sound, is discussed for improving the performance of neural networks. Finally, the one of a simple hierarchical NN that generate models substituting mathematical function is presented, and the new batch concept ``meta-batch" which improves the performance of NN several times more is introduced. The new activation function, meta-batch method, features of numerical data, meta-augmentation with metaparameters, and a structure of NN generating a compact multi-layer perceptron(MLP) are essential in this study.

The existing methods for video anomaly detection mostly utilize videos containing identifiable facial and appearance-based features. The use of videos with identifiable faces raises privacy concerns, especially when used in a hospital or community-based setting. Appearance-based features can also be sensitive to pixel-based noise, straining the anomaly detection methods to model the changes in the background and making it difficult to focus on the actions of humans in the foreground. Structural information in the form of skeletons describing the human motion in the videos is privacy-protecting and can overcome some of the problems posed by appearance-based features. In this paper, we present a survey of privacy-protecting deep learning anomaly detection methods using skeletons extracted from videos. We present a novel taxonomy of algorithms based on the various learning approaches. We conclude that skeleton-based approaches for anomaly detection can be a plausible privacy-protecting alternative for video anomaly detection. Lastly, we identify major open research questions and provide guidelines to address them.

The Government of Kerala had increased the frequency of supply of free food kits owing to the pandemic, however, these items were static and not indicative of the personal preferences of the consumers. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of various clustering techniques on a scaled-down version of a real-world dataset obtained through a conjoint analysis-based survey. Clustering carried out by centroid-based methods such as k means is analyzed and the results are plotted along with SVD, and finally, a conclusion is reached as to which among the two is better. Once the clusters have been formulated, commodities are also decided upon for each cluster. Also, clustering is further enhanced by reassignment, based on a specific cluster loss threshold. Thus, the most efficacious clustering technique for designing a food kit tailored to the needs of individuals is finally obtained.